diff --git a/crates/annot/src/draw.rs b/crates/annot/src/draw.rs
index c0e82eb151..d1e70e7f2d 100644
--- a/crates/annot/src/draw.rs
+++ b/crates/annot/src/draw.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use super::create::{finite, num_array};
-use super::lookup::{annot_dict, annots, page_refs};
+use super::lookup::{annot_dict, annots, page_refs, with_distinct_annots};
 use super::modify::refuse_foreign_text;
 use super::types::NOTE_SIZE;
 use super::{AnnotError, Dict, Document, ObjRef, Object, Stream, appearance};
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ pub fn with_missing_appearances_cached(doc: &Document, cache: &mut AppearanceCac
     // Pages' visible regions, read once and only when an annotation drawn through its points is.
     let mut crops: Option<std::collections::HashMap<ObjRef, [f64; 4]>> = None;
     let mut budget = PASS_BUDGET;
-    for page in page_refs(doc).ok()? {
+    for page in crate::lookup::with_distinct_annots(doc, page_refs(doc).ok()?) {
         for r in annots(doc, page).iter().filter_map(Object::as_ref) {
             if !seen.insert(r) {
                 continue;
diff --git a/crates/annot/src/lookup.rs b/crates/annot/src/lookup.rs
index 788774c428..dcdeb42b42 100644
--- a/crates/annot/src/lookup.rs
+++ b/crates/annot/src/lookup.rs
@@ -73,6 +73,14 @@ pub(crate) fn page_ref(doc: &Document, page: usize) -> Result<ObjRef, AnnotError
     page_refs(doc)?.get(page).copied().ok_or(AnnotError::NoSuchPage(page))
 }
 
+/// `pages` without those whose `/Annots` is an indirect array an earlier page already lists. For a
+/// consumer that visits each annotation once however often it is listed: a shared array is then
+/// copied and scanned once, not once per page that names it.
+pub(crate) fn with_distinct_annots(doc: &Document, pages: Vec<ObjRef>) -> Vec<ObjRef> {
+    let mut seen = std::collections::HashSet::new();
+    pages.into_iter().filter(|p| doc.get(*p).as_dict().and_then(|d| d.reference(b"Annots")).is_none_or(|r| seen.insert(r))).collect()
+}
+
 /// The entries of a page's `/Annots` (references or inline dictionaries).
 pub(crate) fn annots(doc: &Document, page: ObjRef) -> Vec<Object> {
     let obj = doc.get(page);
@@ -229,7 +237,7 @@ pub(crate) fn drawn_upright(doc: &Document, d: &Dict) -> bool {
 /// Whether any page has a Fill & Sign annotation that flatten would bake in (not hidden).
 pub fn has_visible_fill_sign(doc: &Document) -> bool {
     let Ok(pages) = page_refs(doc) else { return false };
-    for page in pages {
+    for page in with_distinct_annots(doc, pages) {
         for entry in annots(doc, page) {
             let obj = doc.resolve(&entry);
             let Some(d) = obj.as_dict() else { continue };
diff --git a/crates/annot/src/tests.rs b/crates/annot/src/tests.rs
index ce5a8c1604..341513715a 100644
--- a/crates/annot/src/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/annot/src/tests.rs
@@ -5619,3 +5619,31 @@ endstream",
     assert!(list(&doc, 0)[0].contains(b"AAPL:AKExtras"));
     assert!(doc.repair_log().is_empty(), "{:?}", doc.repair_log());
 }
+
+/// Pages sharing one indirect `/Annots` array have it copied once by the consumers that visit each
+/// annotation once, not once per page.
+#[test]
+fn document_wide_scans_copy_a_shared_annots_array_once() {
+    let mut doc = fixture();
+    let root = ObjRef { num: 2, generation: 0 };
+    let mut note = Dict::new();
+    note.set(b"Type".to_vec(), Object::name("Annot"));
+    note.set(b"Subtype".to_vec(), Object::name("Text"));
+    note.set(b"Rect".to_vec(), Object::Array([10, 10, 30, 30].map(Object::Int).to_vec()));
+    let note = doc.add(note);
+    let shared = doc.add(Object::Array(std::iter::repeat_n(Object::Ref(note), 100).collect()));
+    let pages: Vec<Object> = (0..500)
+        .map(|_| {
+            let mut d = Dict::new();
+            d.set(b"Type".to_vec(), Object::name("Page"));
+            d.set(b"Annots".to_vec(), Object::Ref(shared));
+            Object::Ref(doc.add(d))
+        })
+        .collect();
+    doc.update_dict(root, |d| d.set(b"Kids".to_vec(), Object::Array(pages))).unwrap();
+    ANNOTS_ENTRIES_COPIED.with(|c| c.set(0));
+    assert!(!has_visible_fill_sign(&doc));
+    assert!(with_missing_appearances(&doc).is_some());
+    let copied = ANNOTS_ENTRIES_COPIED.with(std::cell::Cell::get);
+    assert!(copied <= 200, "{copied} annotation entries copied");
+}